Understanding Native American Flutes: A Comprehensive Guide
What is a Native American Flute?
Native American flutes are a diverse and rich tradition that encompasses a wide range of styles and cultural significance. While the term 'Native American flute' is commonly used, it can sometimes be confusing for those familiar with the various types and origins of these musical instruments. This guide aims to provide a clear understanding of the different types of Native American flutes, their distinctions, and their cultural significance.
The Native American Flute: Modernization and Standardization
The 'Native American flute' (NAF) is a term that refers to a modernized and standardized version of what are more accurately called Indigenous North American flutes. This is a general term that is widely accepted by the community. However, when discussing a specific flute, it’s important to differentiate between 'Native American flute' and 'Native American style flute'. A Native American flute is one that is made by a Native American, while a Native American style flute can be made by anyone with a similar design.
Indigenous North American Flutes
It’s worth noting that the term 'Native American flute' often refers to a modernized version of Indigenous North American flutes. The Indigenous North American flutes are the original and more traditional versions of these flutes, which have been passed down through generations. While the modern Native American flute has standardizations, the indigenous versions can vary widely in shape, size, and design, reflecting the diverse cultures and landscapes of North America.
Other Types of Native American Flutes
There are several other types of flutes made by Native Americans that are different from the so-called 'Native American flute'. For instance, rim-blown flutes, which are ancient examples discovered in caves of the American Southwest, are often called Ancestral Pueblo flutes. These include the Mojave flute, with its 4 holes, and the Anasazi flute, with its 6 holes. However, the Anasazi name is culturally insensitive, and alternative terms are recommended.
The Papago flute, created by the Tohono Oodham nation, is another distinct style. Additionally, it’s important to recognize that Indigenous peoples are found not only in North America but also in Central and South America. The Quena and Quenacho flutes, which are traditional instruments of South American indigenous peoples, might sometimes be included under the broader term 'Native American flute'. However, most commonly, 'Native American flute' refers to the type first mentioned here, which has a more standardized and modernized form.
Stepping into the World of Native American Flutes
A great way to learn more about Native American flutes is through the expertise of makers and musicians. Marvin Yazzie, a third-generation Navajo flute maker, refers to his flutes as 'Plains-style flutes'. Marvin and his flutes can be seen at Native American flute by Yazzie Flutes. Another example is Pomo-style flutes, which were taught by Antonio Flores. Ernest Siva and Antonio Flores are also noted for their expertise in playing these flutes, often performed in specific positions.
Plains-style flutes, like those made by Marvin Yazzie, are made of local materials, such as cedar, which Marvin used in the middle photo. Pomo-style flutes, on the other hand, are often made of elderberry, though the choice of materials can vary based on availability. These flutes, while similar in design, are not to be mistaken for the so-called Native American flutes, which are more modernized versions.
Conclusion
The Native American flute is a fascinating instrument with a rich cultural heritage. It represents not just a musical tradition but also a connection to the land, history, and spirituality of Native American communities. Whether you are interested in learning to play, making, or simply appreciating these flutes, understanding their diversity and context is key to appreciating their significance fully.