Exploring the Repertoire and Sequences of Bharatanatyam

Bharatanatyam, one of the oldest classical dance forms of India, originates from the state of Tamil Nadu. Distinguished by its fixed upper torso, intricate footwork, and expressive hand gestures known as mudras, this art form is a captivating blend of technical precision and emotional depth. This article delves into the various elements that make up the repertoire of Bharatanatyam and the typical sequences found in a performance.

The Repertoire of Bharatanatyam

Alarippu

Alarippu is the introductory piece that focuses on the dancers’ physical movements and rhythm. This graceful dance typically consists of nritta (pure dance) patterns and serves as a warm-up for the dancer. It sets the stage for the technical flexibility and rhythmic accent that will be showcased throughout the performance.

Jatiswaram

Jatiswaram is a unique combination of dance nritta and music sahitya. This item features intricate footwork and rhythmic patterns set to a melodic framework, emphasizing pure dance without any narrative content. It is a crucial part of the repertoire, highlighting the dancer's ability to perform in a rhythmic and harmonious manner.

Varnam

Perhaps the most significant and lengthy item in Bharatanatyam, Varnam is a masterclass in combining both nritta and abhinaya (expressive dance). This piece often tells a story or conveys a theme, allowing the dancer to showcase their technical skills and emotional expression through various mudras and facial expressions. Varnam is the highlight of the performance and plays a central role in the narrative of the dance.

Padams

Padams are lyrical pieces that express devotion, love, or other emotions. These items focus heavily on abhinaya, where the dancer conveys the meaning of the lyrics through expressive gestures and facial expressions. Padams are further categorized into:

Slokas - Devotional pieces

Ashtapadi - Verses from Jayadeva's divine love poetry

Tillana

Tillana is a lively and rhythmic composition that emphasizes pure dance. This piece often features intricate footwork and is usually performed towards the end of the recital. Tillana provides a high-energy conclusion to the performance, showcasing the dancer's technical abilities and rhythmic mastery.

Shloka

The concluding piece, Shloka, may include a prayer or a devotional song. This item often expresses gratitude or seeks blessings, bringing the performance to a peaceful and respectful close. Shloka serves as a beautiful finale that connects the audience to the divine.

Sequences in a Bharatanatyam Performance

A typical Bharatanatyam performance follows a structured sequence, which begins with an invocation and progressively leads the audience through the various items. These sequences are:

Pushpanjali (Offering of Flowers) - A traditional invocation where the dancer pays respect to the audience and the deities.

Alarippu - Begins the performance with rhythmic patterns and movements.

Jatiswaram - A pure dance piece that showcases rhythm and grace.

Varnam - The highlight of the performance, combining intricate dance and storytelling.

Padams - Expressive pieces that delve into themes of love and devotion.

Tillana - An energetic dance that showcases technical prowess.

Shloka - A closing piece that expresses gratitude and concludes the performance.

Conclusion

Bharatanatyam is a rich and expressive dance form that beautifully combines technical virtuosity with deep emotional storytelling. Each item in the repertoire serves a unique purpose, contributing to the overall narrative and aesthetic experience of the performance. The dancer's ability to convey emotions through movement and expression is what makes Bharatanatyam a captivating art form. Whether it is the flowing grace of Alarippu or the powerful emotional expression of Varnam, every aspect of this dance form is carefully crafted to engage and inspire the audience.