Understanding the Sequence and Significance of Bharatanatyam Dance Elements

Bharatanatyam, one of the oldest and most traditional forms of Indian classical dance, is a rich tapestry woven with various elements that each serve a distinct purpose in the performance. One of these key elements is the Margam, a sequence of dance sequences that holds both cultural and spiritual significance.

The Concept of a Margam in Bharatanatyam

The term Margam in Bharatanatyam refers to a specific sequence of dance sequences, which together form a comprehensive and structured performance. This sequence is carefully crafted to ensure a harmonious blend of Nritta (pure dance), Nritya (expressional dance), and Natya (theatrical elements).

Elements of the Margam and Their Significance

1. Alarippu

Alarippu is the opening dance sequence in a Bharatanatyam performance. It is also known as Alaroo Alaris Alarippu or simply Alaru. Performed to please the Gods, the Gurus, and the elders, the Alarippu serves two primary purposes:

To prepare the body and mind for the more demanding and complex sections of the performance. To showcase pure footwork and rhythmic movements, emphasizing Nritta.

The Alarippu is often performed to the beats of traditional drums, setting the stage for the intricate movements that follow.

2. Jatiswaram

Jatiswaram is a later stage in the performance, often following the Alarippu. It is a sequence that emphasizes the rhythmic elements of Nritta. This sequence involves the use of Korvai, a fixed rhythmic pattern, performed to the music of the Carnatic style. The dancer demonstrates the fusion of musical rhythm and movement.

3. Shabdam

Shabdam falls under the category of Nritya. This dance sequence is typically performed after the Jatiswaram. It features a single dancer who may be accompanied by a vocalist and a musical group. Shabdam often explores themes of love and concludes with a heartfelt greeting. This sequence provides a moving blend of music and dance that resonates with the audience.

4. Padam

Padam is a dance that can be performed in a humble, simple manner, or to convey profound spiritual messages. It often features upbeat music and heartfelt movements, with a focus on expressing rasa (emotional flavor) and mood. This sequence may also include keertanam, expressions of devotion or heavenly love embedded within the performance.

5. Tillana

Tillana is the final sequence in the Margam. It is a rhythm-laden, fast-paced dance that concludes the performance. Tillana includes three main parts: Pallavi, Anupallavi, and Charana. The first two parts are rhythmic, contributing to the overall musical mood set in the beginning of the performance. This sequence provides a vibrant and energetic finale to the dance.

The Significance of the Margam Sequence

The Margam sequence is not merely a collection of dance sequences; it is a structured framework that guides both the performer and the audience through a journey of emotional and spiritual growth. Each sequence serves a distinct purpose, from preparing the body for the performance to conveying deep spiritual and emotional messages.

Conclusion

The sequence of Bharatanatyam's Margam is a testament to the intricate and layered nature of Indian classical dance. By understanding and appreciating the significance of each element in the Margam, one can truly grasp the depth and beauty of this art form.

To learn more about the rich tradition of Bharatanatyam and to experience its captivating performances, explore the performances and resources available online or visit a live performance at a cultural festival or venue.