The Weight of the Macedonian Sarissa: An In-Depth Analysis

When discussing the weaponry of the ancient Macedonian army, the Sarissa stands out as both a critical and fascinating piece of equipment. These long pikes were quintessential to the Macedonian phalanx formation and played a pivotal role in the conquests of Philip II and Alexander the Great. In this article, we will delve into the weight and dimensions of the Sarissa, exploring its various types and their significance in military strategy.

Standard Weight and Specifications

The Sarissa typically weighed between 5 to 8 pounds, approximately 2.3 to 3.6 kilograms. This weight was purposefully designed to allow the phalangites (Macedonian soldiers) to effectively thrust their weapons while maintaining a crucial element of distance from the enemy. The Sarissa was usually around 13 to 21 feet, or 4 to 6 meters, in length. This length and weight combination provided the necessary strength and reach for defending and offense in battle formations.

The Sarissa: A Long Pike

The Sarissa was essentially a long pike, often described as two spears joined together to form an exceptionally long weapon. This variation could significantly increase its length and weight. For instance, a Sarissa of 18 feet, composed of cornel wood, would weigh about 658 kilograms. This massive weight, when added to the Sarissa head (27 pounds) and butt-spike (24 pounds), would bring the total weight to 739 pounds, approximately 335 kilograms.

Variations in Weight and Design

It's important to note that the Sarissa came in various sizes and weights depending on the era and specific purpose. Besides the standard 18-foot Sarissa, there were shorter versions like the 15-foot Sarissa, which weighed around 12 pounds or 5.5 kilograms, and the eight-foot hoplite spear, weighing about 22 pounds or 10 kilograms. Handheld by one hand, the hoplite spear was more manageable but significantly lighter.

Another class of spears, somewhere in between the long dory and the short Sarissa, could weigh less than 5 kilograms. Typically used by cavalry, these shorter spears were designed for mobility and quick maneuverability on horseback.

The Phalangite: Armed with the Sarissa

A phalangite (plural phalangites) was a soldier belonging to a phalanx, specifically a pikeman fighting in a Macedonian phalanx with a two-handed pike (Sarissa) and a smaller shield compared to hoplites. Each phalangite bore a primary weapon: the Sarissa, which was over 6 meters, or 18 feet, in length, weighing around 6.6 kilograms, or 14.5 pounds.

Conclusion

The weight and length of the Sarissa were meticulously engineered to enhance the tactical capabilities of the Macedonian phalanx. Understanding the specific weights and variants of the Sarissa not only sheds light on the military technology of ancient times but also helps modern scholars and enthusiasts better appreciate the strategic importance of these weapons in the conquests of Alexander the Great and his father, Philip II.