The Myth of Western Civilization: Origins and Modern Interpretations

When we speak of Western civilization, it is important to understand that the term is often rooted in a mythological concept that has been shaped by history, cultural influences, and modern interpretations. This analysis will explore the origins and the mythological underpinnings of Western civilization, examining its influences, development, and the validity of its claims.

Origins and Influences

The term "Western" in this context typically refers to Western Europe, which, importantly, did not yet include the United States. The European civilization during that time presented a distinct set of cultural, societal, and scientific achievements that contrasted with those in the Middle East and other regions. Thus, the term was more indicative of a cultural and historical classification rather than a comprehensive definition.

Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian Heritage

Western civilization is often associated with the Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian cultural heritage. The Roman republic and empire, which dominated the Mediterranean basin, borrowed significantly from the art, literature, and republican government of ancient Greece. This civilization was polytheistic, meaning it believed in multiple gods.

The introduction of Christianity in the Roman Empire brought about significant religious changes. The Edict of Milan in 313 CE, issued by Emperor Constantine, granted religious tolerance to Christianity, while the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 CE declared it as the official religion of the Roman Empire. This marked a historical turning point and set the foundation for the cultural and religious evolution of Western civilization.

Bilingualism and Cultural Divides

The Roman Empire's split in 395 CE into Western and Eastern halves reflected linguistic and religious differences. The Western Roman Empire, primarily speaking Latin, practiced Catholic Christianity, while the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, spoke Greek and practiced Orthodox Christianity.

The collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century AD due to Germanic invasions marked a significant period in the history of Western civilization. These Germanic tribes eventually adopted Christianity and contributed to the cultural landscape of Europe. Meanwhile, the eastern half of the Roman Empire continued to expand and influence the region until the expansion of Islam in 632 CE by the conquest of North Africa under the Rashidun Caliphate.

Mythological Connections

When discussing Western civilization, it is crucial to recognize that the term is often a mythological concept with little historical basis. For example, Greek democracy is not the same as American or British democracy, and neither is South Africa, which cannot claim a genetic connection to Ancient Greece simply because of the term "democracy." Similarly, Barbados and Japan are not necessarily part of Western civilization.

Greece and the figure of Jesus are also not necessarily Western, as Middle Eastern religions and cultures have also influenced the development of Western civilization. Claiming a connection to Christianity and Judaism as inherently Western is an example of old-school cultural appropriation. It is important to acknowledge that these connections are often not recognized by their originators and represent a modern construction rather than a genuine historical link.

The concept of a "Great Western civilization" is another term used to refer to the same idea. This term reflects the dominance and cultural influence exerted by white Europeans throughout the world, particularly through colonization and subsequent global cultural exchanges.

Modern Interpretations and Critiques

While the term "Western civilization" is widely used, it is important to understand that it is a misleading construct that often ignores the contributions and influences of other cultures. Modern interpretations should recognize that this concept is a mythological connection, not a real one. Water is wet; similarly, one can discuss African civilizations and include Ancient Israel as part of the broader cultural narrative, provided it is acknowledged as a subjective argument.

It is important to emphasize that no Greek would have considered regions beyond a certain line or climate to be connected to their civilization in the same way as the modern definition of the West. Today, the expansive claim of Western civilization encompasses a diverse range of cultures and histories, making it a more inclusive but still mythological concept.

Understanding the origins and mythological nature of Western civilization is essential for a more nuanced and accurate understanding of the term. This recognition allows for a more inclusive and historically informed perspective on the cultural and societal development of the modern world.