Protecting Charcoal Sketches: A Comprehensive Guide to Sealing and Fixatives

For artists working with charcoal, one of the most common concerns is how to prevent the charcoal from smudging or rubbing off during subsequent painting processes. The solution often lies in using a fixative spray, a specialized product designed to set the charcoal and protect it from damage. In this article, we'll explore the different types of fixatives available, how to apply them, and offer some tips for preserving your delicate charcoal sketches.

Understanding Charcoal and Fixatives

Charcoal is a versatile medium widely used by artists for drawing and sketching. However, its soft, powdery texture makes it prone to smudging and accidental transfer, especially when working with mixed media or painting over it. Therefore, it's crucial to use a fixative to ensure the charcoal remains fixed to the surface and does not become unstable during the painting process.

Types of Fixatives

There are two primary types of fixatives available:

Art Fixatives

Art fixatives, specifically designed for charcoal and pastel work, are widely available at art supply shops and online retailers. These sprays are usually in a pressurized aerosol can and are specifically formulated to adhere to paper, canvas, or other surfaces without leaving an unpleasant residue. They are designed to penetrate the paper and form a protective layer to secure the charcoal particles in place.

Hair Spray Alternatives

For those on a budget, or perhaps faced with limited resources, a cheap and easy alternative is to use hair spray, such as Aquanet. While it can serve a similar purpose, it is important to note that hair spray may not be as effective or reliable as specialized fixatives. In addition, once a piece is sprayed with hair spray, it becomes less editable, as the spray can dry and become permanent.

Applying a Fixative

To apply a fixative, follow these steps:

Choose a well-ventilated workspace to avoid inhaling the fumes. Ensure you have a good grip on the fixative spray can.

Lightly spray the fixative in even coats, starting from a safe distance. Move closer gradually, ensuring that no area is left uncoated. It is better to apply thin layers rather than one heavy coat.

Allow the fixative to dry completely between coats, generally about 10-15 minutes. Multiple light coats are usually more effective than a single heavy application.

After the final coat has dried, apply a light spritz of fixative to ensure the surface is sealed properly.

Additional Tips for Preserving Your Charcoal Sketches

Here are some additional tips to help you preserve your charcoal sketches:

Protect your artwork from smudging by handling it carefully and avoiding excessive humidity.

Use a soft cloth to clean any smudges off of your artwork rather than rubbing it vigorously.

Keep your sketchbook or canvas flat and secure to prevent accidental smudging while transporting.

Consider using heat-activated fixatives if you plan to work over your charcoal sketch with oil or acrylic paints.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some common questions and answers to help clarify the use of fixatives in your artwork:

Q: Should I seal the charcoal before painting?

A: Yes, if you plan to paint over your charcoal sketch, it's best to seal the charcoal first to prevent it from smudging or rubbing off during the painting process.

Q: Can I use any hair spray as a fixative?

A: While hair sprays like Aquanet can work as a quick, inexpensive fixative, they may not be as effective or reliable as specialized art fixatives. It's best to use a fixative specifically formulated for charcoal and pastel work to ensure the best results.

Q: How often should I apply fixative?

A: Apply fixative after completing your charcoal sketch or before starting to paint over the charcoal. Additional light coats can be applied occasionally to maintain the integrity of the charcoal sketch during subsequent layers of painting.

Conclusion

Properly sealing your charcoal sketches with a fixative spray is essential for artists working with mixed media or planning to paint over their charcoal sketches. Whether you opt for a specialized art fixative or a more budget-friendly hair spray, the key is to apply the fixative in light even coats and allow it to dry completely. By doing so, you can ensure your charcoal sketch remains vibrant and intact during your artistic process.