Professional Artists' Choice: Understanding Different Types of Canvas

Professional artists often use a variety of canvases depending on their medium and style. This article explores the different types of canvas, their characteristics, and why artists choose them for their artworks.

Overview of Canvas Types for Artists

Canvas is a crucial medium for artists, offering a sturdy and versatile support for paint. However, the type of canvas used can significantly impact the look and durability of the final artwork. Here are some common types of canvas:

Cotton Canvas

This is a popular choice due to its affordability and versatility. Cotton canvas comes in different weights and textures and is suitable for both acrylic and oil paints.

Linen Canvas

Considered a premium option, linen canvas is more durable and has a finer texture than cotton. Many professional artists prefer it for oil painting because it holds paint well and ages beautifully.

Pre-Stretched Canvas

Many artists use pre-stretched canvases that come ready to paint. These are usually made from cotton or linen and are stretched over a wooden frame.

Canvas Boards

These are flat panels covered with canvas, providing a sturdy surface for painting. They are often used for studies or smaller works. Unlike traditional canvas, canvas boards do not require stretching.

Unprimed Canvas

Some artists prefer to buy unprimed canvas and stretch it themselves, allowing for customization in texture and priming. This gives them complete control over the surface to achieve the desired finish.

Specialty Canvases

There are also canvases designed for specific techniques such as watercolor canvas or mixed media canvas. These are treated to accommodate different materials, enhancing the artist's creative possibilities.

Exploring Cotton and Linen Weave Fabrics

There are two types of fabric known as canvas. The first and far more common is a cotton weave. This can be further differentiated by its texture, achieved by using larger or smaller threads. It is usually gessoed before use, providing a smooth surface for painting.

The second type is linen canvas. This is made from the natural fibers of the flax plant and is more costly. Linen has a smooth tooth, a term for its natural grabbing function, which is ideal for achieving fine details in artworks, such as in portraiture.

Artist Preferences and Customization

Many professional artists prefer to stretch their own canvas for several reasons. One example is the use of Belgian linen, renowned for its high quality and longevity. An artist might apply 8 coats of gesso, wet sanding or using Ampersand panels for a specific texture and finish.

Conservationists advise that paintings last longer and have fewer issues on board or metal than on canvas. While some artists appreciate the texture and flexibility of traditional canvas, others find that canvas boards or even metal panels offer a more stable and long-lasting support for their work.