Previous Capitals of Thailand: A Journey Through History

It is fascinating to explore the rich historical pathway of Thailand and understand the cities that once stood as its capital. These ancient cities played crucial roles in shaping the nation, each with its unique stories and legacies. This article delves into the historical capitals of Thailand, with particular focus on Thonburi, Ayutthaya, and Bangkok.

Ayutthaya: Found in 1350 CE

Ayutthaya, which translates from the Thai language to 'citadel of stone,' is the most renowned capital of the Kingdom of Siam. While historically, Thailand was known as Siam, it was Ayutthaya that defined high civilization from the 14th century until its fall in the mid-18th century. Ayutthaya flourished as a bustling city, immensely influential in the planning and design of Bangkok, the current capital. It was a bustling hub of commerce, culture, and intellect, setting the standards for urban development in the region.

Thonburi: The City that Bridged the Past with Present

Thonburi, which is oftentimes written as Thonburi or Thonburi, served as the capital of Thailand between 1767 and 1782. Thonburi stands out as a significant historical marker in the evolution of Thai governance, bridging the gap between the fall of Ayutthaya and the founding of Bangkok. Just across the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok, King Rama I established a new capital as Thonburi served as a brief but crucial transitional period. Despite no longer being the capital, Thonburi continues to hold immense historical significance, as it possesses landmarks that reflect its glorious past as a vibrant, resource-rich hub.

The Sukhothai and Rattanakosin Kingdoms: Genesis and Modernization

The roots of Thai civilization further delve into the Sukhothai and Rattanakosin Kingdoms. In the Sukhothai Kingdom (1238-1438), both Sukhothai and Phitsanulok were capitals. Simultaneously, the Ayutthaya Kingdom (1350-1767) witnessed the rise and prominence of Ayutthaya, Phitsanulok, and Lopburi.

The Rattanakosin Kingdom, established in 1782, became the foundation of modern-day Bangkok, which is still the nation's current capital. Bangkok, known for its complexity in nomenclature, is officially called 'Krung Thep Mahanakhon Amon Rattanakosin Mahinthara Ayuthaya Mahadilok Phop Noppharat Ratchathani Burirom Udomratchaniwet Mahasathan Amon Piman Awatan Sathit Sakkathattiya Witsanukam Prasit.' However, Thai residents simply call it 'Krung Thep' or 'the Great City.'

The Name Evolution: Bangkok to Krung Thep Maha Nakhon

The name 'Bangkok,' which has been widely adopted and is favored by foreign visitors, was likely a colloquial term. The official name is a grand and complex nomenclature derived from Pali and Sanskrit. In Thai language maps, this full title is used, although the Thai people predominantly use the shorter form 'Krung Thep.' The formation of Bangkok reflects the need for a name that was easy for foreign visitors and merchants to pronounce.