Exploring the Nuances of Sentence Endings: 'That' vs 'This'

When crafting sentences, the choice between 'that' and 'this' can significantly impact clarity, formality, and the overall meaning. Although both are indefinite articles, their usage extends beyond simple nouns to include references, personal introductions, and even spatial contexts. Let's delve into the differences and explore how these words shape our communication.

Differences in Usage and Formality

The main distinction between using 'that' and 'this' lies in their formality and the context in which they are employed.

That - More Formal and Clarifying

'That' is often used in a more formal or explicit manner, providing additional information or clarification. It is particularly useful when referring to something that is distant, either in space or temporally.

Examples of 'That'

Usage: 'David: The weather report just came in, it’s going to rain tomorrow. David: What gave you that idea?'

Example: 'Robert: I told you yesterday! David: That's not true!'

This - Informal and Context-Dependent

'This' is frequently used in informal speech, especially in contexts where the subject or object has already been established. It can be used to introduce yourself or to refer to things close at hand.

Examples of 'This'

Usage: 'To introduce yourself on the phone, you might say, "Hi, this is Harriet Simson." If you ask who someone else is talking to, you might use, "Who's that you're talking to?"'

Non-Spatial Meaning and Clarification

When used in non-spatial contexts, 'that' and 'this' serve similar roles but can be used in a variety of situations to provide context and emphasis to your statements.

Spatial Usage

Spacially, 'this' and 'that' refer to proximity and distance, respectively. You use 'this' or 'these' for items or people near you, while 'that' or 'those' are used for those further away.

Examples of Spatial Usage

"This sweater [the one I'm wearing] is blue. That one [the one she's wearing] is red."

"This here is my mother. That is my aunt over there."

"Who's this [in the photo I'm holding in my hand]?"

"Who's that [in the photo on the wall]?"

Non-Spatial Usage

Even when not referring to physical distance, 'that' and 'this' can be used to emphasize what someone has just said or written. They are both used to refer to what you have just stated or documented.

Examples of Non-Spatial Usage

People think these animals are dangerous but that/this is not necessarily true.

Let me elaborate on this/that statement [i.e., the statement I have just made].

Conclusion

'That' and 'this' may seem similar, but their nuanced usage can greatly influence how you communicate in both formal and informal settings. Understanding their distinctive roles can help you clarify your messages and make your writing more precise and effective.