Why Are There Two Types of Lowercase Rs in Cursive Writing?

While reading the Declaration of Independence, you might have noticed the use of two types of lowercase Rs in cursive writing. This article aims to explore this phenomenon, providing insights into the history of calligraphy, the evolution of written language, and the nuances within cursive forms of the Latin script.

Calligraphy and Linguistic Evolution

Penmanship, particularly cursive, is rarely taught in schools anymore due to its obsolescence in our digital age. However, written language is organic and continuously evolves. Just as we no longer use Roman numerals or ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics, cursive forms of the alphabet have changed over time, reflecting the natural evolution of calligraphy and linguistics.

The Varied Forms of_lowercase Rs in Cursive Writing

Cursive was initially developed as shorthand writing for the Roman alphabet. Connecting the letters was intended to make writing faster. In cursive forms, the lowercase R at the end of a word differs from those at the beginning or within a word. The letters in the Roman script, which were simpler and easier to carve, led to the development of printing forms and the eventual digital fonts we use today.

Differences Between European and American Cursive Forms

Europeans tend to write their lowercase Rs more like printed R’s, making them less cursive in appearance. The authors of the Declaration of Independence were more in tune with European calligraphy, resulting in the use of both types of Rs.

Historical Context and Variations in Calligraphy

The Declaration of Independence, written several centuries ago, adhered to the rules and styles of the time. These rules were often arbitrary, depending on where the writer had learned to write. The use of two different forms of R in the document reflects the natural development of cursive writing, influenced by different calligraphers and scribes.

Timothy Matlack and the Declaration of Independence

Timothy Matlack, the clerk who wrote the original calligraphic version of the Declaration of Independence, used two forms of the letter R. While he prefers the second form seen in the word "are," there is no clear reason for the variation in its usage. The first variation used at the beginning of "respect" is a common form of the letter in formal Spencerian and Copperplate calligraphy, while the second is a familiar cursive form.

Conclusion

The duality of lowercase Rs in cursive writing within the Declaration of Independence is a fascinating insight into the evolution of calligraphy and the natural variations that occur in handwritten texts. As written language continues to evolve, it is essential to appreciate the beauty and richness in the history of our written communication.

If you want to delve deeper into the history of calligraphy and cursive writing, consider exploring resources on calligraphy and the evolution of the R letter in written language.