Alaska's Path to Statehood: The Unofficial Name Before 1959

Alaska, the largest state in the United States by area, became the 49th state on January 3, 1959. However, long before that day, there were instances where Alaska was unofficially referred to as a state. This article explores the historical events leading up to Alaska's formal incorporation into the Union and the unofficial references that characterized this period.

The Purchase of Alaska and Early References

Alaska was purchased from Russia on March 30, 1867, by United States Secretary of State William Seward. At the time, the United States was known as the “Seward’s Folly” for fear that the territory was useless. It took several years after the purchase for some to recognize the potential of Alaska and its strategic importance.

While the official statehood of Alaska was achieved on January 3, 1959, references to Alaska unofficially being a state started long before that date. For example, in the early stages of the 20th century, some individuals and organizations would refer to Alaska as if it were a state in political and legislative discussions. This was due to the significant population growth and economic development that began after the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897-1899, which stimulated interest and development in the territory.

The Quest for Statehood

Throughout the 20th century, Alaska’s people and leaders continuously campaigned for statehood. The efforts culminated in a grassroots movement. In 1956, the Alaska Statehood Committee was formed, advocating for statehood. The Alaskans collected over 150,000 signatures, requesting a referendum on statehood, which was approved by the U.S. Congress in 1958. The Alaska Statehood Bill finally passed on July 7, 1958, paving the way for Alaska to officially join the Union on January 3, 1959.

Legislative and Historical Background

Even without its official statehood, references to Alaska as a state can be found in various forms. One example is Article I, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution's Enumeration Clause, which states that the total number of citizens in the United States will be counted every ten years. Alaska, along with the other territories, was included in these counts from the very beginning, marking its unofficial recognition as a state or territory with growing population and influence.

In 1912, a bill to establish Alaska as a separate territory within the United States was approved. While not a state, it granted significant administrative autonomy, making Alaska a de facto state-like entity. The Alaska Statehood Committee capitalized on this leverage to further promote the statehood movement. In a tribute to its unique status, the U.S. Congress had its own representation, the Delegate to Congress, even before statehood was granted. This is why Elizabeth Peratrovich, as a Delegate, attended the 75th anniversary of the Alaska Annexation at the Capitol in 1998, demonstrating Alaska's role in the broader context of U.S. governance.

Conclusion and Future Perspectives

Alaska's unofficial references as a state in the 1867-1959 period reflect the evolving political and territorial landscape of the United States. From its purchase from Russia to its official statehood, the journey of Alaska towards statehood is a testament to the resilience and spirit of its people. While it was not officially recognized as a state until 1959, the unofficial recognition of Alaska as a state facilitated its political, economic, and social growth. Today, Alaska remains a unique and esteemed member of the United States, showcasing its rich history and continuing to influence and shape American politics and culture.