Achievement of Moksha in Mahabharata: A Comprehensive Analysis

The ancient Indian epic, Mahabharata, is replete with stories of spiritual journey and enlightenment. Among the numerous characters and their journeys, the attainment of Moksha stands as a significant theme. Moksha, often translated as 'salvation' or 'liberation,' is a concept deeply rooted in Hindu philosophy. This article delves into the specific instances of Moksha in Mahabharata, offering a comprehensive understanding.

Moksha: The Concept and Significance

In Hinduism, Moksha represents the ultimate goal—freedom from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara) and attainment of a state of perfect bliss and unity with the divine. While the attainment of Moksha is typically associated with spiritual seekers and enlightened sages, Mahabharata provides us with instances where even non-scholars, like Shishupala and the Kauravas, find themselves in a state of deified glory.

Moksha of Shishupala

One of the well-known instances of Moksha in Mahabharata is that of Shishupala, a Chedi king known for his arrogance and unbridled cravings. According to the epic, Shishupala attained Moksha through a unique and poignant sequence of events. After he was struck down by Lord Krishna, the atma (soul) of Shishupala merged with the Lord's body.

As described, when Shishupala spoke of his impending end, Lord Krishna, known as Madhusudana, sliced off his head with the Chakra, an incredibly sharp spinning disc. Fiercely routed, Shishupala fell as if a mountain struck by a vajra, the thunderbolt weapon of Indra. However, prior to his demise, a splendid energy arose from his body, resembling the rising sun. This energy paid homage to Lord Krishna and entered his body. Witnessing this event, the kings and lords of the earth were filled with wonder, recognizing the extraordinary nature of Shishupala's transition.

Moksha of Pandavas and Kauravas

Contrary to the perception of Moksha being reserved only for ascetics and spiritual practitioners, the Mahabharata illustrates that all characters, upon completion of their missions, attain a state of bliss. In the aftermath of the Kurukshetra war, the Pandavas and Kauravas, who were engaged in a fierce and dramatic battle for control, met their respective ends; however, this was not a paradoxical end but a natural and peaceful transition.

According to the Mahabharata, everyone who fought in the Kurukshetra battle attained the regions of bliss as requested by Karna Deva to Lord Krishna. This underscores the belief that those who lay down their lives for their nation on the battlefield are deemed to have attained a higher spiritual state, thereby achieving Moksha. Interestingly, this view aligns with the broader Hindu tradition where Moksha is attained posthumously for those who have lived a life dedicated to their nation and dharma.

Adding to this, the Pandavas, including Draupadi, returned to their original form in the cosmic order, much like Lord Krishna returning to his original form as Vishnu. The Pandavas, being incarnations of devas and the Kauravas, who were said to be less valorous but courteous, are collectively considered to have found Moksha. In this context, the Kauravas' Moksha implies their liberation from samsara and a return to cosmic harmony, while the Pandavas' Moksha signifies their return to their original divine origins.

Conclusion

The concept of Moksha in Mahabharata provides a profound insight into the philosophical and spiritual undertones of Hinduism. The stories of Shishupala and the Pandavas and Kauravas highlight the diverse ways in which Moksha can be achieved, often more through deeds and dedication than isolation and meditation. These narratives serve as a reminder that the journey towards Moksha is not confined to a select few but can be a shared experience across life's multitude of paths.

For those seeking deeper understanding and spiritual growth, Mahabharata serves as a rich source of inspiration and guidance. The attainment of Moksha, portrayed through the lives of these characters, is a testament to the universal truth of self-realization and liberation.